oa Discourse - The 3rd world : victim of globalisation?
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Abstract
This article takes a look at the often unintended consequences of globalisation. It shows that economic globalisation, influenced by the predominantly capitalistic and free enterprise political economy, has a disruptive effect on Third World societies. The Third World is inextricably linked to the process of globalisation. It is a tough and competitive environment, where high-tech innovation is the biggest wealth earner. Stereotypically, the Third World exports low-grade crude oil, metals, coal and bulk agricultural products and imports expensive high-tech products from the developed world. The economic advantages of these transactions accrue mostly to the First World. One of the unintended consequences of globalisation is that parts of the First World have become industrialised and some workers in the First World are worse off than before. The argument in this article is that globalisation is irreversible, and can at most be managed. Free enterprise capitalism is essentially a destabilising process, and economic turbulence, as currently experienced, is part thereof. The answer to the countries of the Third World regarding the consequences of globalisation is not to remain dependent on the rich donor states, but to lift themselves out of the swamp of being beggar states by using the following wellknown recipe: exploit the power and potential of the human brain rather than merely selling raw natural resources. This would involve using government instruments to invest in economic strategies, apply responsible governance and empower citizens to look after themselves.
Hierdie artikel neem die dikwels onbedoelde gevolge van globalisasie onder oënskou. Dit wys daarop dat ekonomiese globalisasie onder invloed van die oorwegend kapitalistiese en vrye ondernemings- politieke ekonomie 'n ontwrigtende uitwerking op Derdewêreldsamelewings het. Die Derde Wêreld is onlosmaaklik aan die proses van globalisasie gekoppel. Dit is 'n harde en mededingende omgewing, waar hoë tegnologiese innovasie die grootse welvaartverdiener is. Stereotipies voer die Derde Wêreld laewaarderuolie, metaalertse, steenkool en grootmaatlandbouprodukte uit en voer dan duur hoëtegnologieprodukte van die ontwikkelde wêreld in. Die ekonomiese voordele van sulke transaksies bevoordeel in wese algeheel die Eerste Wêreld. Een van die onbedoelde gevolge van globalisasie is dat dele van die Eerste Wêreld geïndustrialiseer word en dat sommige werkers in die Eerste Wêreld slegter daaraan toe is as voorheen. Die argument in die artikel is dat globalisasie onomkeerbaar is, en hoogstens bestuur kan word. Vrye ondernemingskapitalisme is in wese 'n destabiliserende proses en ekonomiese onstuimigheid soos wat ons dit tans beleef, is deel daarvan. Die antwoord vir die Derde Wêreld op die gevolge van globalisasie is nie om afhanklik te bly van die ryk donateurstate nie, maar om sigself uit die moeras van bedelaarstaat uit te lig deur die bekende resep: ontgin die krag en potensiaal van die menslike brein eerder as bloot die verkoop van rou natuurlike hulpbronne. Wend staatsinstrumente aan om strategies in die ekonomie te belê, lê verantwoordbare staatsbestuur aan die dag en bemagtig inwoners om na hulleself om te sien.
Le athikili ibheka emiphumeleni kaningi engahlosiwe yentuthuko yamazwe omhlaba. Ikhombisa ukuthi intuthuko yamazwe omhlaba kwezomnotho, ethonywa kakhulu umnotho wezepolitiki wamakhephithalisiti okuyindlela yomnotho elawulwa ogembela kwezabo kanye namabhizinisi akhululekile, kunomphumela ophazamisayo emiphakathini yamazwe ahluphekayo - amazwwe e-Third World. Ngokungeze kwabalekelwa Umhlaba uxhumene nohlelo lwentuthuko yamazwe omhlaba. Kuyisimo esinzima nesinokuncintisana, lapho intuthuko yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kuyibona obuzuza kakhulu kwezomnotho. Ngokujwayelekile, Amazwe Ahluphekile ahambisa uwoyela ongahluziwe osezingeni eliphansi, izinsimbi, amalahle kanye nemikhiqizo eminingi yezolimo futhi ingenisa imikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu obubizayo obuvela emazweni omhlaba. Ubuhle bezomnotho bale misebenzi yamabhizinisi bunqwabelana kakhulu eMazweni acebile - amazwe e-First World. Omunye wemiphumela engahlosiwe yokwenza kwamazwe omhlaba ukuthi izingxenye ze-First World sekuyizimboni kanti abanye abasebenzi ku-First World bahlupheka kakhulu kunakuqala. Impikiswano kule athikili ukuthi intuthuko yamazwe omhlaba ayibuyiseleki emuva, kanti okungenziwa kakhulu ukuthi ibhekelwe. Indlela yomnotho ephethwe ngogombela kwezabo (capitalism) yamabhizinisi akhululekile kakhulu iphazamisa uhlelo, kanye nokungazinzi kwezomnotho, njengoba kukhona njengamanje, kuyingxenye yalokhu. Impendulo kumazwe e-Third World maqondana nemiphumela yendlela yentuthuko yamazwe omhlaba ukuthi angahlali encike emazweni anikelayo acebile, kodwa ukuthi aziphakamise ngokwawo aphume obishini lokuba ngamazwe anqibayo ngokusebenzisa iresiphi eyaziwa kakhulu elandelayo: Ukusebenzisa amandla kanye namandla okusebenza komqondo wabantu kunokuba athengise izidingongqangi.
Lengwalonyakiio le le lebelela go ditlamorago teo ganti di sa ikemietago ta thomianokakareto ya lefase. Go laeta gore thomianokakareto ya lefase ya ekonomi ye e hueditwego ke bogolo ekonomi ya bokapitale bja kgwebo ye e lokologilego bja sepolitiki, e na le phetogo ye e kgaogantwego go dithaba ta Lefase la Boraro. Lefase la Boraro le kgomagantwe ka tlemagano le tshepedio ya thomianokakareto ya lefase. Ke tikologo ye thata gape ya phegiano, moo maithomelo a theknoloti ya godimo e lego a yo a hwetago lehumo le legolo. Go ya ka kgopolotee, Lefase la Boraro le ia ntle oli e tala ya maemo a fase, dithipi, malahla le ditweleta te nti ta temo gomme ya amogela ditwantleta ditweletwa ta go bita thelete e ntita theknoloti ya godimo go twa dinageng teo di hlabologilego. Mehola ya ta ekonomi ya dikwano te e oketega kudu go Lefase la Mathomo. Ye nngwe ya ditlamorago te di sa ikemietwago ta thomianokakareto ya lefase ke gore dikarolo ta Lefase la Mathomo di ile ta thoma go ba le diindasteri tedi nti gomme ba bangwe ba baomi ka go Lefase la Mathomo go kaone ge ba se gona go feta peleng. Tabataba ka gare ga lengwalonyakiio le ke gore thomianokakaret o ya lefase ga go kgonege gore e buetwe morago, gape ka nako e ka laolwa. Bokapitale bja kgwebo ye e lokilogilego bogolo ke tshepedio ya go arakan ya, gape ke pherekanyo ya ekonomi, bjalo ka ge e lemogwa gabjale, ke karolo gona moo. Karabo go Lefase la Boraro malebana le ditlamorago ta thomianokakareto ya lefase ga se go dula go ikante dinaga te di humilego teo e lego baneedi, eupa go intha ka gare ga tebetebe ya go ba dinaga ta bakgopedi ka go diria lenaneola go tsebega le le latelago: diria maatla le bokgoni bja monagano wa motho go ena le go rekia methopo ya tlhago yeo e sa hlwago e ongwa. Diria ditlabakelo ta mmuo go beeleta ka go maano a ekonomi, omia taolo ya maikarabelo gape o matlafate badudi gore ba kgone go ihlokomela.

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