Global Media Journal - African Edition

“Corrective: intended to make something better” – This word has positive connotations when related to scientists and activist endeavours to find and develop remedies to problems which plague the world. However, when coupled with sexual violence against South African lesbians, most of whom are black and living in depressed communities, the word is used to describe a tool used to ‘rectify’ their personal identity. The term, ‘corrective rape’ therefore becomes an ironic misnomer used to describe an act of sexual assault that attempts to ‘rectify’ perceived deviant, lesbian or homosexual behaviour (Bryson, 2011). The increase in ‘corrective rape’ cases in South Africa can be attributed to a misogynistic culture rooted in traditional perceptions of women who face new and emancipatory democracy, alcoholism and/ or homophobia (Rape crisis, 2012). This study will include a discussion on ‘corrective rape’, which necessitates a description of rape and the power relationships that enable its subsistence. The paper will also present an argument around the desensitisation of South African citizenry through media messages that has resulted in collective apathy. The aim of this study is to investigate reportage and framing of ‘corrective rape’ by South African media. The Agenda-setting theory as well as Framing and Representation is offered and applied as part of a critical paradigm to understand the media’s representation of the issue of ‘corrective rape’. The study found that South African print media has severely underrepresented cases of ‘corrective rape’ and has failed to create the necessary salience required around the issue of ‘corrective rape’, especially as an emergent trend and extreme contravention of the freedoms espoused in the South African Constitution for lesbian citizens.

While the international community considers Cape Town a ‘modern city’, high levels of inequality persist as a consequence of post-independence apartheid practices. The legacy of apartheid spatial polarisation—gentrification, infrastructural inequalities and affordable housing, has sparked ongoing debate in mainstream media with Cape Town finding itself at the centre of the contention. Cape Town-based activists, organisations and campaigners have opted to use social media platforms to advertise and coordinate protest action for the desegregation of urban land. This paper identified Reclaim the City, Ndifuna Ukwazi and Future Cape Town as the key actors using social media to campaign for spatial equality in Cape Town. As Juris (2012) argues, social media has contributed to an emerging logic of aggregation involving the assembling of masses of individuals from diverse backgrounds to come together in physical spaces. Social media platforms, therefore, become a “temporary performative terrain,” a space for activists to make their struggles visible and to mobilise “crowds of individuals” through viral communication flows (Juris, 2012: 267). Over the past decade and a half, social media platforms like Twitter, Facebook and Instagram have become an integral part of contemporary communicative practices, providing personal, political, entertainment, sport, technological and scientific information to local communities, often before conventional media outlets like radio, television and print. “The quick rise of social media platforms in the first decade of this century was part of a more general networked culture where information and communication got increasingly defined by the affordances of web technologies” (Van Dijk & Poell, 2013: 5). Focusing on three of the most popular social networking sites in South Africa: Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, this paper explores how social media has been used to foster awareness, share information and initiate discourse around spatial inequality in Cape Town. Using a combination of quantitative data scraping approaches and qualitative content analysis, this paper explores the central question: What are the prevailing narratives on social media around spatial inequality (including issues related to affordable housing) in Cape Town? The paper argues that the social media ecology of spatial inequality is complex and cosmopolitan due to the interconnectivity and global reach of social media platforms. In order to connect the local agenda to the immediate community and foster international awareness, activists, organisations and campaigners have choreographed their own cohesive narrative that they frequently promote in public social media spaces.