Abstract
Like other countries with a high risk of female breast cancer, Malaysia has the second highest cancer death rate in South-East Asia. Breast cancer screening helps to identify cancer before the onset of symptoms and reduces the breast cancer mortality rate. Female healthcare professionals may significantly influence the public regarding breast cancer screening. This study aims to identify the knowledge of breast cancer and the practice of breast cancer screening among female healthcare professionals. A cross-sectional study was conducted among female healthcare professionals in Malaysia through convenience sampling. The questionnaire included socio-demographics, knowledge of breast cancer, and the practice of breast cancer screening. A total of 390 female healthcare professionals participated in this study. The mean age of the participants was 37.7 (SD = 9.1) years. Most participants have good knowledge (n = 378, 96.9%). A total of e participants reported that they have been practicing breast self-examination (BSE), 14.9% had undergone clinical breast examination (CBE), and 12.6% had undergone mammography. Independent sample t-test revealed a significant association between knowledge of breast cancer and the practice of breast cancer screening. Even though the knowledge of breast cancer is high among female healthcare professionals, but most do not practice breast cancer screening. Hence, there is still a need to promote the practice of BSE, CBE, and mammography among female healthcare professionals, thus influencing the public.
1. 2012Breast Cancer—PORTAL MyHEALTH http://www.myhealth.gov.my/en/breast-cancer/
2. 2010 "Knowledge and Perception of Breast Cancer among Women of Various Ethnic Groups in the State of Penang: A Cross-Sectional Survey" Medical Principles and Practice 1916167 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000252837
3. 2018 "Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Breast Cancer among Female Staff of Nigerian University" Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy 91
4. 2011 "Knowledge, Attitude about Breast Cancer and Practice of Breast Cancer Screening among Female Health Care Professionals: A Study from Turkey" Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 12
5. 2017 "Awareness and current knowledge of breast cancer" Biological Research 50133 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40659-017-0140-9
6. 2020 "Can Breast Self-examination and Clinical Breast Examination Along with Increasing Breast Awareness Facilitate Earlier Detection of Breast Cancer in Populations with Advanced Stages at Diagnosis?" Clinical Breast Cancer 203194200 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clbc.2020.02.001
7. 2022 "Female Healthcare Workers’ Knowledge, Attitude towards Breast Cancer, and Perceived Barriers towards Mammogram Screening: A Multicenter Study in North Saudi Arabia" Current Oncology 29643004314 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060344
8. 2012 "Practice and Barriers of Mammography among Malaysian Women in the General Population" Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 13835953600 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2012.13.8.3595
9. 2021 "Knowledge and Practice of Breast Cancer Screening Methods among Female Community Pharmacists in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study" International Journal of Breast Cancer 2021Gale Academic OneFile https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A696851891/AONE?u=googlescholar&sid=googleScholar&xid=5ce9fe68
10. 2015 "Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior of Healthcare Providers towards Breast Cancer in Malaysia: A Systematic Review" Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 161352335235 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.13.5233
11. 2014 "A Social Media Primer for Professionals: Digital Dos and Don’ts" Health Promotion Practice 152168172 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839913517235
12. 2012 "Knowledge, Perception, Practice and Barriers of Breast Cancer Health Promotion Activities among Community Pharmacists in Two Districts of Selangor State, Malaysia" Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 13944274430 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2012.13.9.4427
13. 2018 "Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries" CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 686394424 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492
14. 2014 "Type of Breast Cancer Diagnosis, Screening, and Survival" Clinical Breast Cancer 144235240 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clbc.2014.02.004
15. 2011 "Breast Cancer Prevention and Control Programs in Malaysia" Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 12
16. 2013 "Stage, treatment and outcomes for patients with breast cancer in British Columbia in 2002: A population-based cohort study" CMAJ Open 14E134E141 DOI: https://doi.org/10.9778/cmajo.20130017
17. 2010 "Knowledge and Practice of Breast Cancer Screening Among Egyptian Nurses" Afr J Haematol Oncol 14122128
18. 2006 "The knowledge and attitudes of breast self-examination and mammography in a group of women in a rural area in western Turkey" BMC Cancer 6143 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-6-43
19. 2015 "DG of Health’s Keynote Address: ‘Vision of the Future: Managing Breast Cancer in Malaysia’ at the 13th Asian Breast Diseases Association (ABDA) Teaching Course" https://kpkesihatan.com/2015/08/03/dg-of-healths-keynote-address-vision-of-the-future-managing-breast-cancer-in-malaysia-at-the-13th-asian-breast-diseases-association-abda-teaching-course/
20. 2011 "Knowledge of risk factors, beliefs and practices of female healthcare professionals towards breast cancer, Morocco" Pan African Medical Journal 100 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/pamj.v10i0.72231
21. 2014 "Breast self examination and mammography in cancer screening: Women health protective behavior"
22. 2012 "Cost effectiveness of strategies to combat breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer in sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia: Mathematical modelling study" BMJ 344mar022e614e614 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e614
23. 2016 "Cognizance and utilization about breast cancer screening among the health professional female students and staffs of University Kuala Lumpur, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Malaysia" Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology 3704286292 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-5851.195752
24. 2019 "Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to breast cancer screening among female health care professionals: A cross sectional study" BMC Women’s Health 191122 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-019-0819-x
25. 1993 "Risk factors for breast cancer development" Cancer 71S621272140 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142 (19930315)71:6+<2127::AID-CNCR2820711602>3.0.CO;2-2
26. 2017 "Barriers to Cervical Cancer and Breast Cancer Screening Uptake in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review" Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 187 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.7.1751
27. 2013 "The financial burden from non-communicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries: A literature review" Health Research Policy and Systems 11131 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4505-11-31
28. 2019 "Factors Associated with Reoperation in Breast-Conserving Surgery for Cancer: A Prospective Study of American Society of Breast Surgeon Members" Annals of Surgical Oncology 261033213336 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-019-07547-w
29. 1994 "Cell Cycle Control and Cancer" Science 266519218211828 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126
30. 2017 "Breast cancer screening practices amongst female tertiary health worker in Nnewi" Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 132268 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1482.188433
31. 2011 "Effectiveness of mammography screening in reducing breast cancer mortality in women aged 39-49 years: A meta-analysis" Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (UK), York (UK) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK81910/
32. 2014 "Barriers to breast cancer screening among a sample of Egyptian females" Journal of Family and Community Medicine 212119 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/2230-8229.134771
33. 2021 "Breast Cancer Screening in Semi-Rural Malaysia: Utilisation and Barriers" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 182312293 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312293
34. 2015 "Benefits and Harms of Breast Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review" JAMA 3141516151634 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.13183
35. 2013 "Breast Cancer Awareness of Rural Women in Malaysia: Is it the Same as in the Cities?" Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 141271617164 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.12.7161
36. 2016 "Is Clinical Breast Examination Important for Breast Cancer Detection?" Current Oncology 234332339 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3747/co.23.2881
37. 2018 "Delays in Breast Cancer Detection and Treatment in Developing Countries" Breast Cancer: Basic and Clinical Research 12117822341775267 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1178223417752677
38. 2010 "Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Breast Self-examination Among Women in a Suburban Area in Terengganu, Malaysia" Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1115031508
39. 2012Breast Cancer and Chemotherapy Knowledge among Undergraduates of Health Sciences: Which Traits Predict Good Knowledge? 2016088
40. 2010 "Breast Self-Examination: Knowledge and practice among nurses in United Arab Emirates" Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention APJCP 11651654
41. 2006 "Deciphering the Mammary Epithelial Cell Hierarchy" Cell Cycle 51415191522 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4161/cc.5.14.2983
42. 2011 "Consensus Recommendations for Advancing Breast Cancer: Risk Identification and Screening in Ethnically Diverse Younger Women" Journal of Cancer 2210227 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.2.210
43. 2020 "Seeking medical help for cancer among urban dwellers in Malaysia—Emotional barriers and awareness of cancer symptoms" European Journal of Cancer Care 294e13232 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ecc.13232
44. 2013 "Patient Barriers to Follow-Up Care for Breast and Cervical Cancer Abnormalities" Journal of Women’s Health 226507517 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2012.3590
45. 2009 "Screening for breast cancer" PubMed 15110716236 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-10-200911170-00008
46. 2015 "Level of Knowledge and Behavior of Family Health Personnel Workers in Izmir about Early Diagnosis for Breast and Cervix Cancer" Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 16625012505 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.6.2501
47. 2005 "Breast cancer screening barriers and mammography completion in older minority women" Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 892111118 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-004-1476-8